Venting means for motors



A. H. COLLINS VENTING MEANS FOR MOTORS Dec. 29 1925- Filed Dec. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 29 1925- 1,567,637 A. H. COLLINS r VENTING MEANS FOR MOTORS Filed Dec. 19, 1921 2 Shefs-Sheet 2 @y/mw vwskw Patented Dec. 29, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

AN'rHonY COLLINS, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO,'ASSIG1\TOR T0 CHICAGO PNEUMATIC 'rooL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.

vEN 'rI G MEANS FOR MOTORS.

. Application filed December 19, 1921. Serial No. 523,543.

To all whom it may concern Be, it known that I, ANTHONY H. CoLmNs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Venting Means for Motors, of which the following is a specification. I 1

My invention relates to motors of the crank and piston type whether operated on the internal combustion principle or by fluid pressure, and in particular to pneumatically operated tools, such as machines or devices for drilling, reaming, grinding,

polishing and the like, the main ob ect ofthe invention being to provide venting or breather means for permitting escape or exhaust of the air, compressed in the crank case, while preventing escape of the lubricating oil with the air. All tools or machines of this .general class are necessarily operated at a high speed and the-reforerequire constant and efficient lubrication. Some of the coinpressedair, conducted to the cylinders to operate the pistons, escapes past the pistons into the crank case where the pistons tend to compress it. Heretofor'e it has been usual to employ plain venting means through which the excess air is exhausted from the crank case and the lubricating oil has been carried out with the air, and therefore lubrication of such tool has required constant attention and has been costly and troublesome. \Vith my invention applied, the lubricating oil is prevented from escaping with the air so that'the lubrication is maintained in the crank case, and hence my invention overcomes the disadvantages and difficulties present and encountered heretofore.

Vith the above incidental objects in view,

in the nature of a section taken 011 the line 1,1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is aside elevation of the pneumatic drill with parts broken away,

to disclose my invention more clearly to view; Fig. 3 is an elevation of the opposite end of the cylinder casing, being in the nature of a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the drill with parts of the cylinder casing and the device, embodying my invention, broken away.

Referring to the drawings, the drill, in,

which my invention is shown embodied, is of a well known construction and comprises.

in general, the casing 6, opposed cylinders 7, arranged at an angle of 90 with respect to each other, a crank shaft 8, connected by connecting rods to the pistons in the cylinders, and a drill spindle 10, operated from the crank shaft through the medium of gears 11 and 12, and a handle 13. The casing comprises the central portion or body, cast integral in the cylinders, and the end caps or cases 1d and 15, which support suitable bearings in which the crank shaft 8 and drill spindle 10 are mounted for rotation; A further description of the drill is unneces-v sary, as my invention may be applied to any type of pneumatic or fluid pressure drill or tool of a like nature, it being understood that the drill, shown in the drawings, is disclosed merely for illustrative purposes;

The device, constituting the subject mat- 16, a slide valve 19 in the cylinder andanapertured extension 20 on the cylinder. The pipes 17 and 18 are shown as being integral with the oylinder 16, but it is understood that they may be formed separately and secured thereto in any desired manner. It will be observed that the cylinder 1-6 and pipes 17 and 18 are so arranged and constructed that the cylinder is positioned between the opposed cylinders and extends at an angle to the axis of the drill holder 10, while the-outer end of the pipe 17 is at one side of one end of the drill casing" and the corresponding end of the pipe 18 is at the opposite side of the opposite end of the drill casing. The extension 20 is provided with a shoulder 22 and, beyond this shoulder, it is reduced in diameter and screw threaded. The reduced portion extends through an opening of approximately the same diameter in the top of the casing 6 and the shoulder 22 abuts against the under side of the casing, while a nut 23 is screwed onto the screw threaded portion and presses firmly on the outside of the casing, the device in this manner being secured in position in the casing. As shown in Fig. 4, the opposite ends of the cylinder 16 are provided with holes 24; and 25 which are in alignment with the pipes 17 and 18 respectively, and are of smaller diameter than the diameters of the conduits through the pipes, so that the portions of the ends of the cylinder around the holes 24 and 25 and between the inside of the cylinder and pipes act as battles to aid in preventing escape of lubricant with the air in the crank casing which is set in motion by the operation of the drill and augmented by motive fluid leaking past the pistons and otherwise finding its way into the crank casing. The ends of the slide valve 19 are of conical formation and the apexes are adapted to project into the holes 2 1 and 25 to close the same, depending upon the position of the drill.

The outer ends of the pipes 17 and 18 are covered by suitable screens 26, which may be of any desired construction but are preferably of small mesh so that they may aid in preventing the secape of any lubricating Oll with the air from the casing. Secured to a boss 27, integral with the cylinder casing, is a member 28, comprising a cylindrical or cup-portion 29 and a laterally extending flange 30 secured to the boss 27 by screws, as shown in Fig. 1. The lefthand side of cup portion 29, as viewed in Fig. 4, is slotted or open, as at 31, and this portion is closed at its lower end by the integral plate 32. The outer end of the pipe 18 is positioned in this cup-portion 29.

From the above description the operation of the device will be apparent. When the drill is in a horizontal position, as shown in Fig. 2, and whenever the drill spindle 10 is on a higher level than the handle 13, the valve 19 is located in the lefthand end of the cylinder 16 and closes the opening 24. Then some of the air, which is compressed in the crank case due to the escape of air past the pistons as is well understood, passes out through the tube 18, the cylinder 16 and the conduit through the extension 20. When the drill is tilted, so that the handle 13 is on a higher level than the drill spindle, the valve 19 slides to the other end of the cylinder 16 and closes the opening '25, so that the air then escapes through the pipe 17, the cylinder 16 and the extension 20. It will be understood that theoil is to be maintained at the desired level in the crank case and that the oil is splashed or agitated by the crank shaft and connections to lubricate the device. lVhen the air escapes through the pipe 18, the member 28 assists in preventing the oil from being drawn into the pipe 18 with the air, the lubricant being in a very turbulent state around the member 28. The screens 26 also assist in preventing the oil from passing into the pipes 17 and 18 and any oil, which should pass into the pipes 17 and 18 will tend to be separated from the air by the ends of the cylinder 16, the holes 24; and 25 being much smaller than the conduits through the pipes. No matter what position the drill might be in the body of oil will never close both ends of the venting device and the pipe 17 or 18, which is opened at any time, is always remote from the body of the oil.

It is apparent that the invention is adapted for use in motors generally regardless of the type of motive agent and it is not intended to limit the application of the in vention to the particular form shown or merely to pneumatic tools and machines. The cylinder 16 and pipes 17 and 18 may be cast integral with the casing 6 of the drili or be embodied in the wall of the casing itself, if desired. These and other modifications may be practiced within the scope and spirit of the invention and this is to be borne in mind in connection with the claims that follow.

I claim 1. In a device of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, and means permitting the escape of air from the caslng but preventing lubricant from escaping comprising a member within said casing having vents opening at different points in the latter, said vents being so arranged that in any position of the crank casing at least one of the vents will be disposed above the level of the lubricant.

2. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, and means, for permitting air to escape from the casing and preventing lubricant from escaping comprising a hollow member within the casing com-' municating with atmosphere and having conduits extending therefrom and opening at different points so disposed in the casing that in any position of the latter at least one of'the conduit openings is above the lubricant level.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft chamber, a crank shaft in the chamber, lubricant in the chamber, means opening into the chamber at different points to permit escape of air, and gravity operated means selectively con trolling the escape of'a'ir from the different points through said means.

4:. In a device 'of'the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing, and valve means controlling escape of air from said casing and controlled by the position of the device.

In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing, and means controlling escape of air from either one of two points in the casing, dependent upon the position of the device.

6. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing,- and means, including valve means, for controlling escape of air from either oneof two points in the casing, dependent upon the position of the device, and for preventing escape of lubricant with the air.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casin a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing, and means, including a conduit and a valve therein, for controlling escape of air from either one of two points in the casing,- dependent upon the position of the device, and for preventing escape of lubricant with the air.

8. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft-in the casing, lubricant in the casing, a conduit ill communication with a passage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing, and a single valve member selectively controlling the opening and closing of said openings. I

9. In a device of the class described, the

combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the. casing, a condiiit incomn'iunication with a passage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing, and valve means'slidable .in said conduit for controlling the opening and closing of said openings dependent upon the position of the device.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing, a conduit within said casing in communication with a passage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing, a single valve member selectively controlling the opening and closing of each pair of said openings, and means associated with said conduit to aid in preventing the escape of the lubricant with the air.

11. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft in the casing, lubricant in the casing, a conduit in communication with a passage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing, a single valve member in the conduit for controlling selectively the opening and closing of said openings dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated with said conduit to aid in preventing the escape of the lubricant with the air.

12. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing. and means per= iiiittiiig escape of air from one end or the other of the casing, dependent upon the position of the device, and preventing escape of combination of a casing, a crank shaft there in, lubricant in the casing, a conduit communicating with the exterior of the casing and having openin s at opposite ends ofthe casing, and valve means controlling the opening and closing of said openings, de-

iendent upon the position of the device.

15. In a device of the class described-(the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein. lubricant in the casing, a conduit coniinunicating with the exterior of the casing and having openings at opposite ends and opposite sides of the casing, and valve means controlling the opening and closing of'said openings dependent upon the position of the device. V

16. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein. lubricant in the casing, a conduit communicating with the exterior of the casing and having openings at opposite ends of the casing. valve means controlling the opening and closing of said openings dependent upon the position of the device, and means asso ciated with said conduit to assist in preventing escape of lubricant with the air. 17. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, a conduit comn'iunicatiiig with the exterior of the casin and having openings at opposite ends and opposite sides of the casing, valve means in the conduit for controlling escape of air through one opening or the other dependent upon the position of the device. and means associated with the conduit to assist in preventing escape of lubricant with the air.

18. In a device ofthe class described, the, combination of a chamber, a c'ank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, and means comprising a central conduit in connectionwith atmosphere and two conduits of smaller diameter extending fromthe central conduitto diiferent points within said chamber, whereby said chamber is vented dependent upon its position through one or theother of said smaller conduits.

19. In a device of the class described, the combination of a chamber. a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, means, comprislng a central conduit and two smaller conduits extending from the central conduit, to permit escape of air from different points in the chamber through such conduits, and valve means for opening and closing one or the other of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device.

20. In a device of the class described, the combination of a chamber, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, means, comprising a central conduit and two smaller conduits extending from the central conduit, to permit escape of air from different points in the chamber through such conduits, valve means for opening and closing one or the other of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated with said conduits to aid in preventing lubricant from escaping with the air.

21. In a device of the class described. the combination of a chamber, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, means, comprising a central conduit and two smaller conduits extending from the central conduit, to permit escape of air from different points in the chamber through such conduits, valve means for opening and closing one or the other of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device. and screen and battle means associated with said conduits to aid in preventing lubricant from escaping with the air.

22. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, a conduit communicating with the exterior of the casing and having openings at different points in the casing, and gravity controlled means for closing certain of said openings without closing others to prevent the escape of lubricant with the air vented through said conduit.

23. In a device of the class described, the combination of'a casing, a crank shaft there-' in, lubricant in the casing, a conduit communicating with the exterior of the casing and having openings at different points in the casing, valve means in said conduit to open and close the openings dependent upon theposition of the device, and screen and baflie means associated with the conduit to aid in preventing escape of lubricant with the air through said conduit.

24. Ina device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, a conduit communicating with the exterior of the casing and having openings at dilferent points in the casing, gravity controlled means for closing certain of said openings while leaving others open, screens over said openings, and battle means in the conduit to aid in preventing lubricant from escaping with the air.

25. In a device of the class described, the combination of a chamber, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, and means for permitting escape of air from the chamber and preventing escape of lubricant with the air including a cylinder having screens over openings at different points in the easing and gravity means in said cylinder for selectively controlling said openings.

26. In a device of the class described, the combination of a chamber, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, and means, including a conduit having a valve and bafile and screen means associated therewith, for permitting escape of air from different points in the casing, dependent upon the position of the device, and for preventing escape of lubricant with the air.

27. In a device of the class described, the combination of a crank shaft chamber, a crank shaft in the chamber, lubricant in the chamber, valve means controlling escape of air from the chamber and controlled by the position of the device, and means cooperating with said valve means for preventing escape of lubricant with the air.

28. In a device of the class described, the combination of a chamber, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the chamber, means, comprising a conduit, for permitting escape of air from said chamber, and a member within said chamber in which one end of said conduit is positioned to aid in preventing escape of the lubricant with the air.

29. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, a hollow cylinder in said casing and having means for permitting escape of air and preventing escape of lubricant with the air, a projection on said cylinder having an opening communicating with the interior of the cylinder and projecting through an opening in the casing, and means cooperating with said projection for securing said cylinder in position in the casing.

30. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, and means for permitting escape of air from the casing and preventing the escape of lubricant with the air comprising a conduit communicating with a passage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing and means automatically closing any ofsaid openings disposed at or beneath the level of the lubricant when the position of the casing is changed.

31. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, and means for permitting escape of air from the casing and preventing the escape of lubricant with the air comprising a conduit communicating with apassage through the casing and having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing and gravity operated means automatically closing any of said openings disposed at or beneath the level of the lubricant when the position of the casing is changed.-

32. In a device of the class described, the combination of a casing, a crank shaft therein, lubricant in the casing, a hollow member in communication with atmosphere-having openings communicating with different parts of the casing, and means movable within said member in response to changes in the position of the casing for closing such of said openings as are disposed near or beneath the level of the lubricant.

A breather device for a crank casing comprising a member arranged to be mounted in the casing for preventing the escape of lubricant therefrom in any position of the casing and having means controlling the escape of air therefrom and controlled by the position of the device.

34. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a member arranged to be mounted in the casing for preventing the escape of lubricant therefrom in any position of the casing and having valve means controlling the escape of air from either one of two points in the casing dependent upon the position of the device.

35. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing, said conduit having a valve therein for controlling escape of air from either one of two points in the casing, dependent upon the position of the device and for preventing escape of lubricant from the crank case with the air.

36. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing, and to communicate with atmosphere, said conduit having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing and means automatically controlled by the position of the casing for controlling said openings. v

37. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing, and to communicate with atmosphere, said conduit having openings communicating at different points with the interior of the casing and valve means slidable in said conduit for controlling the opening and closing of said openings dependent upon the position of the device.

38. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a member adapted to be mounted in the casing and having means permitting escape of air from one end or the other of the casing dependent upon the position of the device, and preventing escape of lubricant from the casing in any position of the latter. Y

39. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a member adapted to be mounted in the casing and having means permitting escape of air from one end and side or the other end and side of the casing depend ent upon the position of the device, and preventing escape of lubricant from the easing in any position. of the latter.

40. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing, said conduit being arranged to communicate with atmosphere and having openings at opposite ends and sides of the casing, valve means in the conduit for controlling the escape of air through the openings dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated with the conduit to assist in preventing the escape of lubricant from the casing with the air.

41. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a central conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing and having two smaller conduits extending therefrom to'permit escape of air from different points in the easing, and means for opening and closing one or the other of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device.

42. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a central conduit adapted to be mounted in the casing and having two smaller conduits extending therefrom to permit escape of air from diflerent points in the casing, means for opening and closing one or the other of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated with said conduits to aid in preventing lubricant from escapingwith the air.

43. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit having a valve and baflie and screen means associated therewith arranged to be mounted in the casing for permitting the escape of air from different points therein, dependent upon the position of the device, and for preventing escape of lubricant in any position of the casing.

44. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a hollow member having a projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and serving as a vent to atmosphere, said member having means controlling the escape of air from the casing and controlled by the position of the device, said means further preventing the escape of lubricant in any position of the casing.

45. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit having a hollow projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and providing av vent to atmosphere, said conduit having openings to communicate at diiierent points with the interior of the casing and gravity operated valve means for preventing the escape of lubricant in any position of said casing by closing such of said openings as are disposed at or near the lubricant level.

46. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a conduit having a hollow projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and providing communication with atmosphere, said conduit having openings to communicate at different points With the interior of the casing to permit the escape of air therefrom, a valve member slidable in said conduit for controlling the opening and closing of said openings dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated With the conduit to assist in preventing the escape of lubricant from the casing With the air.

47. A breather device for a crank casing con'iprising a central conduit having a hollow-projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and providing communication With atmosphere, smaller conduits extending from the central conduit to different points in the interior of the casing to permit escape of air therefrom, and means controlling the opening and closing of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device.

48. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a central conduit having a hollow projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and providing communication With atmosphere, smaller conduits extending from the central conduit to diiterent points in the interior of the casing to permit escape of air therefrom, means controlling the opening and closing of the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device, and means associated with said conduits to aid in preventing lubricant from escaping With the air.

4&9. A breather device for a crank casing comprising a central conduit having a hollow projection arranged to be secured in an opening in the casing and providing communication With atmosphere, smaller conduits extending from the central conduit to different points in the interior of the casing to permit escape of air therefrom, means controlling the opening and closing or" the smaller conduits dependent upon the position of the device, and battle and screen means associated With said conduits to aid in preventing lubricant from escaping with the air.

ANTHONY H. COLLINS. 

